Volume: 4, 2025
4th International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland:
ENVIRONMENT – PLANT – ANIMAL – PRODUCT
Abstract number: E015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/ICDSUPL4.E015
Published online: 9 April 2025
ICDSUPL, 4, E015 (2025)
Analysis of circular economy indicators in selected European economies
Klaudia Nowak-Marchewka1*, Monika Stoma1
1 Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
* Corresponding author: klaudia.nowak@up.lublin.pl
Abstract
The circular economy (CE) is a key model for sustainable development, aiming to minimize waste and optimize resource use through recycling and extended product life cycles. The aim of this study is to evaluate the progress and challenges in implementing CE in selected EU countries by analyzing relevant indicators. Its implementation across European Union countries varies due to differences in national policies, public awareness, and technological advancements. This study analyzes CE indicators in Poland, the Netherlands, Romania, and Spain to assess progress and challenges in adopting this model. The analysis is based on statistical data from Eurostat and reports from international organizations. Key indicators include recycling rates, raw material consumption, renewable energy share, and eco-innovation levels. A comparative assessment highlights key trends and barriers to CE implementation. Results indicate significant differences among the analyzed countries. The Netherlands excels in recycling and resource efficiency due to strong policies and high public awareness. Spain, despite progress, faces challenges in recycling infrastructure and business adaptation. Poland shows improvement but struggles with regulatory and infrastructural barriers. Romania has the lowest circularity rate, mainly due to limited access to technology and low public engagement. The study emphasizes the role of policy, investment, and technology in CE transformation. The varying levels of CE adoption highlight the need for a holistic approach, including infrastructure development, education, and regulatory support. Key challenges include increasing the use of secondary raw materials, improving waste management, and fostering innovation. These findings can inform future CE policies at national and European levels.
Keywords: circular economy, recycling, ecoinnovation
How to cite
K. Nowak-Marchewka, M. Stoma, 2025. Analysis of circular economy indicators in selected European economies. In: 4th International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: Environment – Plant – Animal – Product. https://doi.org/10.24326/ICDSUPL4.E015