Volume: 5, 2026
5th International PhD Students’ Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland:
ENVIRONMENT – PLANT – ANIMAL – PRODUCT
Abstract number: P006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/ICDSUPL5.P006
Published online: 22 April 2026
Effects of GSD and annotation method on multispectral vegetation indices
Kamil Buczyński* and Magdalena Kapłan
Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Science in Lublin, 28 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland
* Corresponding author: kamil.buczynski@up.edu.pl
This study investigated the effects of ground sampling distance and annotation methods on multispectral vegetation indices and their stability in floricane raspberry fields. Multispectral imagery was acquired during the 2025 growing season using a UAV-based sensor, and vegetation indices were derived for four cultivars. Two spatial resolutions (1.40 and 2.30 cm/pixel) and two annotation approaches were tested. Mean index values and coefficients of variation were calculated to assess variability. The results showed that the influence of ground sampling distance and annotation method was not uniform across all indices. While the effect of spatial resolution was evident in selected cases, no consistent trends were observed overall. The annotation method did not show a consistent effect on index values or variability. These findings indicate that no single optimal configuration of ground sampling distance and annotation method can be identified, and that parameter selection should be adapted to the specific index, cultivar and analytical objective in floricane raspberry cultivation.
Keywords: drone; raspberry; remote sensing; Rubus; UAV
How to cite
Buczyński K., Kapłan M., 2026. Effects of GSD and annotation method on multispectral vegetation indices. In: 5th International PhD Students’ Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: Environment – Plant – Animal – Product. https://doi.org/10.24326/ICDSUPL5.P006