Volume: 2, 2023
2nd International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland:
ENVIRONMENT – PLANT – ANIMAL – PRODUCT
Abstract number: E032
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/ICDSUPL2.E032
Published online: 19 April 2023
ICDSUPL, 2, E032 (2023)
Waste structure studying from Ukraine as a potential energy resource
Viola Vambol1,2*, Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko1, Markina Liudmyla3, Oleh Vlasenko3
1 Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
2 Department of Applied Ecology and Nature Management, National University “Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic”, Pershotravneva Avenue 24, 36011 Poltava, Ukraine
3 Department of Environmental Audit and Environmental Protection, State Ecological Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management, Mytropolyta Vasylia Lypkivskoho 35 Street, corps. 2, 03035 Kyiv, Ukraine
* Corresponding author: violavambol@gmail.com
Abstract
Every year, the global amount of waste increases by about 3%. The composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) depends on many factors. The purpose of the study is to study the structure and resource and energy potential of Ukrainian MSW for the application of the most acceptable waste management practices. This study is a review of reports from official authorities and a field study of MSW in Mykolaiv (Ukraine) in 2021-2022. The processes of MSW formation, morphological composition, some sorting methods, temperature of waste destruction, reduced mass and composition of solid residues were studied. About 90% of Ukrainian MSW goes to landfills and cause a difficult environmental situation in the surrounding areas. According to the National Project “Clean City”, the morphological composition of waste in five regional cities of Ukraine is: food waste 23.2-38.4%, paper and cardboard 4.1-13.9%, polymers 6.7-14.8%, textiles 1.5-5.1%, wood 0.1-1.8%. There is a significant difference in some cities in the amount of waste such as paper and cardboard (Chernivtsi 4.1%, Kyiv 13.9%), polymers (Ternopil 6.7%, Kyiv 14.8%), which is most likely indicates the presence of sorting or a separate collection system for certain types of waste. According to the results of field tests for Mykolaiv, food waste is 38-45%, paper and cardboard 10-15%, polymers 18-22%, textiles 3-5%, wood 10-18%. A two-year monitoring of changes in the MSW characteristics from the landfill in Mykolaiv showed that the MSW calorific value can vary from 6.5 to 12.0 MJ/kg, according to other data from 3-5 MJ/kg, if food waste predominates, to 15-18 MJ/kg, if paper, cardboard, textiles, and wood predominates. Since the most high-calorific wastes such as polymers, paper and cardboard are partially removed from the MSW stream (the case of Chernivtsi, Ternopil), the calorific value can decrease from 9.0 to 8.4 MJ/kg for manual sorting and up to 6.8 MJ/kg in the case of optical-mechanical sorting. Drying and composting of the residue after sorting, for example, in the process of mechanical and biological treatment, can increase the calorific value of a potential fuel up to 10-15 MJ/kg.
The waste structure buried in landfills indicates the presence of a significant energy potential. Its implementation requires the introduction of practices adopted in the EU countries, and, first of all, the creation of an appropriate legislative framework and the introduction and development of a sorting system.
How to cite
V. Vambol, A. Kowalczyk-Juśko, M. Liudmyla, O. Vlasenko, 2023. Waste structure studying from Ukraine as a potential energy resource. In: 2nd International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: Environment – Plant – Animal – Product. https://doi.org/10.24326/ICDSUPL2.E032